新农村建设背景下农民经济收入、文化程度对心理和谐的影响

目的探讨新农村建设背景下农民经济收入、文化程度对心理和谐的影响程度。方法采用中国农民心理和谐问卷,对云南和河南两省户口在农村的3332名农民进行问卷调查。结果经济收入在人际氛围(F=3.003,P0.05)、生活环境(F=2.764,P0.05)、自我状态(F=13.195,P0.001)、总体心理和谐(F=4.927,P0.001)上存在显著差异;文化程度在社会环境(F=8.120,P0.001)、人际氛围(F=5.785,P0.001)、生活环境(F=6.559,P0.001)、自我状态(F=9.835,P0.001)、总体心理和谐(F=8.908,P0.001)上存在显著差异;经济收入、文化程度对心理和谐的影响存在地区差异;经济收入、文化程度与心理和谐呈正相关。结论经济收入和文化程度是影响农民心理和谐的重要因素。     

The economic status of older men and women in the Javanese household and the influence of this upon their nutritional level

Data on a set of income variables and Body Mass Indices (BMI; Weight/height²) were collected from a sample of elderly people (N = 236; 55+ years) living in a suburb of the city of Solo in Central Java. Consistent with the results of a small number of other studies carried out in various parts of the less developed world, several of the income variables exhibit strong positive correlations with the BMI. Those correlating more strongly for the men are individual income, especially income derived from work; and, for the women, the amount of household income which they were managing, especially that contributed by others. These findings suggest that control of funds, or economic status, is a crucial determinant of the nutritional level of old people in the Javanese household, and that elderly members of the household who lack economic status tend to occupy an inferior, client, role within it.     

Associations between maternal mental health and early child wheezing in a South African birth cohort

Background

Wheezing in early childhood is common and has been identified in high‐income countries (HIC) as associated with maternal antenatal or postnatal psychosocial risk factors. However, the association between maternal mental health and childhood wheezing has not been well studied in low and middle‐income countries (LMIC), such as South Africa.

Methods

A total of 1137 pregnant women over 18 year old, between 20 and 28 weeks’ gestation, and attending either of two catchment area clinics were enrolled in a South African parent study, the Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS). Psychosocial risk factors including maternal depression, psychological distress, early adversity, and intimate partner violence (IPV), were measured antenatally and postnatally by validated questionnaires. Two outcomes were evaluated: Presence of wheeze (at least one episode of child wheeze during the first 2 years of life); and recurrent wheeze (two or more episodes of wheezing in a 12‐month period). Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between antenatal or postnatal psychosocial risk factors and child wheeze, adjusting for clinical and socio‐demographic covariates.

Results

Postnatal psychological distress and IPV were associated with both presence of wheeze (adjusted OR = 2.09, 95%CI: 1.16‐3.77 and 1.63, 95%CI: 1.13‐2.34, respectively), and recurrent child wheeze (adjusted OR = 2.26, 95%CI: 1.06‐4.81 and 2.20, 95%CI: 1.35‐3.61, respectively).

Conclusion

Maternal postnatal psychological distress and IPV were associated with wheezing in early childhood. Thus, screening and treatment programs to address maternal psychosocial risk factors may be potential strategies to reduce the burden of childhood wheeze in LMICs.

     

Low‐Income Mothers' Nighttime and Weekend Work: Daily Associations With Child Behavior,Mother‐Child Interactions,and Mood

This study investigated low‐income mothers' daily nighttime and weekend work and family outcomes. Sixty‐one mothers of preschool‐aged children reported daily on work hours, mood, mother‐child interaction, and child behavior for two weeks (N = 724 person‐days). Although nighttime and weekend work are both nonstandard schedules, results showed adverse associations of working nighttime hours on family outcomes—more negative mood and mother‐child interactions; less positive child behavior—but no relationship between weekend work and family outcomes.     

上海市社区卫生服务中心收支两条线管理实践与成效

依据收支两条线管理的基本原理,对上海社区卫生服务中心开展收支两条线管理进行回顾与总结,通过对实践中的主要做法与经验的总结,分析所取得的成效,提炼在社区卫生服务中心开展收支两条线管理的必要性、核心、重点和难点,为全国其他地区社区卫生服务中心开展收支两条线管理提供借鉴.

Abstract：

According to the basic principle, this paper reviews and summarizes the separated management of income and expenses in CHCs(community health centers)in Shanghai. Through summarizing the practice and experience, analyzes the effect, and extracts the necessity, core, key points and difficulties, which can be used in the CHCs in other areas.     

北京市社区卫生服务实施效果及建议

收支两条线管理是我国针对社区卫生服务机构实行的一项新财务管理制度,北京市是较早推行收支两条线管理的试点城市之一.通过对北京市社区卫生服务工作现状、财政资金投入以及社区卫生服务绩效结果进行分析,了解北京市收支两条线管理政策的实施效果及其影响,并对北京市社区卫生服务机构的发展提供政策性建议,以期完善以社区卫生服务为基础的新型城市医疗卫生服务体系.     

The contribution of school meals and packed lunch to food consumption and nutrient intakes in UK primary school children from a low income population

Background: The Low Income Diet and Nutrition Survey described the food consumption and nutrient intake of UK children in low income households in 2003–2005. Methods: To describe food consumption and nutrient intake associated with school meals and packed lunches, based on a cross‐sectional analysis of 680, 24‐h dietary recalls from 311 school children aged 4–11 years. Results: In children from low income households, pupils who took a packed lunch consumed more white bread, fats and oils, crisps and confectionery and fewer potatoes (cooked with or without fat) at lunchtime compared to other pupils. Many of these differences persisted when diet was assessed over the day. For younger pupils (4–7 years), packed lunches provided the least amount of folate, the highest amount of sodium, and the highest average percentage of food energy from fat and saturated fatty acids (SFA) compared to free school meals (FSMs). Over the whole day, in both younger (4–7 years) and older (8–11 years) children, there were no notable differences in energy or nutrient intake between those eating a packed lunch or a school meal. Older children’s packed lunches contributed a significantly higher proportion of fat, SFA, calcium and sodium to the day’s nutrient intake compared to a FSM. Conclusions: In children from low income households, packed lunches are less likely to contribute towards a ‘healthier’ diet compared to a school meal. The difference was more apparent in younger children. Key differences were the high consumption of sodium, SFA and non‐milk extrinsic sugars by pupils who had packed lunches.